A. Practical Implementation
Practicum held on :
Day: Wednesday
Date: October 16, 2013
Place: Garden of practice Wedomartani
Date: October 16, 2013
Place: Garden of practice Wedomartani
B. Purpose
1. Knowing how to measure the quality of the crop.
2. Knowing how to measure the quantity of crop.
C.
Basic Theory
To determine the quantity of plants can be measured through parameters plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, weight hasil.Sedangkan for quality parameters can be measured through the sugar content, vitamin C, carbohydrates.
Several methods were used to measure leaf area, ie
a) Method of graph paper
This method uses graph paper and drawing tools to measure leaf area. Basically, the leaves drawn on graph paper that can be easily done by putting leaves on graph paper and follow the pattern of the leaves.
b) Gravimetry
This method uses weights and leaf dryers (oven). In principle, the leaf area was estimated by comparing the weight (gravimetric). It can be done, first by drawing the leaves that will be assessed on the extent of a piece of paper, which produces a replica (clone) leaves.
c) Planimeter
Planimeter is an instrument that is often used to measure an area with an irregular shape and large size as the map. This tool can be used to measure the shape of the leaf when the leaf area is not too complicated.
d) Method of Photography
With this method, the plant leaves were placed on a flat field of light-colored (white) lau photographed together with a cross-section or slab (rectangular) which has been known extent. Leaf area can then be estimated based on the ratio of the entire image results with broad leaves of the reference plate (Anonymous, 2013).
a) Method of graph paper
This method uses graph paper and drawing tools to measure leaf area. Basically, the leaves drawn on graph paper that can be easily done by putting leaves on graph paper and follow the pattern of the leaves.
b) Gravimetry
This method uses weights and leaf dryers (oven). In principle, the leaf area was estimated by comparing the weight (gravimetric). It can be done, first by drawing the leaves that will be assessed on the extent of a piece of paper, which produces a replica (clone) leaves.
c) Planimeter
Planimeter is an instrument that is often used to measure an area with an irregular shape and large size as the map. This tool can be used to measure the shape of the leaf when the leaf area is not too complicated.
d) Method of Photography
With this method, the plant leaves were placed on a flat field of light-colored (white) lau photographed together with a cross-section or slab (rectangular) which has been known extent. Leaf area can then be estimated based on the ratio of the entire image results with broad leaves of the reference plate (Anonymous, 2013).
D. Tools and Materials
1. Fruit for the measurement of total sugar content
2. Plant leaf material
3. Tool refractometer
4. Analytical scales
4. Analytical scales
5. Ruler
6. Millimeter paper
7. Scissors
8. Pencil
E. How it Works
1. Measure the total sugar content using a refractometer tool
Determination of leaf area based on the weight of the paper. For each leaf is done following matters :
Determination of leaf area based on the weight of the paper. For each leaf is done following matters :
a) Draw a leaf shape that will look at the extent of millimeter paper
b) Crop the image according to the pattern of the leaf / leaves form
c) Considering the leaf images and records (eg, A gr)
d) Millimeter paper cut to the size of 10 cm x 10 cm, and then weighed (eg, B g)
e) Calculate leaf area to be measured by the formula:
Leaf Area = A / B × 100 cm2
Leaf Area = A / B × 100 cm2
2. Determine the extent of leaf area based on millimeter paper. For each leaf is done following matters :
a) Draw a leaf shape that will look at the extent of millimeter paper
b) Crop the image according to the shape of the leaf / leaf pattern
c) Calculate the area of millimeter box with a large grouping according to the box (1 cm2) of 80% -100%, 60% -80%, 40% -60%, 20% -40% and <20%
d) Percentage based on the amount of leaf area of each leaf is then calculated, for example as follows :
60% -80% = 4 pieces of 240%
40% -60% = 6 pieces 360%
20% -40% = 5 pieces of 200%
<20% = 5 pieces of 100%
1200%
So the corresponding leaf area = 1200% x 1 cm = 12 cm2
F. Practical results
1. Measurement data on the total sugar content of watermelon :
Part
|
Group
|
Average
|
||
I
|
II
|
III
|
||
Upon
|
16,1
|
16,3
|
16
|
16,27 brix
|
Central
|
15,8
|
16,3
|
16
|
16,03 brix
|
Down
|
14,7
|
13,2
|
15
|
14,3 brix
|
2. Measurement data based on the weight of the paper :
a. Leaves the weighing results table :
Type leaves
|
Leaves 1
|
Leaves 2
|
Leaves 3
|
Leaves Chili
|
0,24
gram
|
0,29
gram
|
0,34
gram
|
Cassava leaves
|
0,34
gram
|
0,33
gram
|
0,49
gram
|
Longan leaves
|
0,18
gram
|
0,2
gram
|
0,24
gram
|
b. Tables and data of leaf area calculation :
Type leaves
|
Results weight
|
||
Leaves 1
|
Leaves 2
|
Leaves 3
|
|
Leaves Chili
|
30
cm2
|
36,25
cm2
|
42,5
cm2
|
Cassava leaves
|
42,5
cm2
|
41,25
cm2
|
61,25
cm2
|
Longan leaves
|
22,5
cm2
|
25
cm2
|
30
cm2
|
1) Leaf area in the chili
a. Chili leaf area 1 = 
x 100 cm2= 30 cm2
x 100 cm2= 30 cm2
b. Chili leaf area 2 = 
x 100 cm2= 36,25 cm2
x 100 cm2= 36,25 cm2
c. Chili leaf area 3 = 
x 100 cm2= 42,5 cm2
x 100 cm2= 42,5 cm2
2) Cassava leaf area on
a. Cassava leaf area 1 = x 100 cm2= 42,5 cm2
x 100 cm2= 42,5 cm2
b.
Cassava leaf area 2 = 
x 100 cm2= 41,25 cm2
x 100 cm2= 41,25 cm2
c. Cassava leaf area 3 = 
x 100 cm2= 61,25 cm2
x 100 cm2= 61,25 cm2
3) Leaf area on longan
a. Leaf area on longan 1 = 
x 100 cm2= 22,5 cm2
x 100 cm2= 22,5 cm2
b. Leaf area on longan 2 = 
x 100 cm2= 25 cm2
x 100 cm2= 25 cm2
c. Leaf area on longan 3 = x 100 cm2= 30 cm2
x 100 cm2= 30 cm2
4) Tables and leaf area measurement data based on millimeter paper:
Type leaves
|
Results weight
|
||
Leaves 1
|
Leaves 2
|
Leaves 3
|
|
Leaves Chili
|
46,6
cm2
|
53,6
cm2
|
64,6
cm2
|
Cassava leaves
|
58,8
cm2
|
55,8
cm2
|
75,8
cm2
|
Longan leaves
|
30,6 cm2
|
31
cm2
|
34
cm2
|
a. Luas
daun pada cabai
1) Leaves chilii 1:
80-100% =
37 fruit à
3700%
60-80% =
6 fruit à 480%
40-60% =
6 fruit à 360%
20-40% =
1 fruit à 40%
< 20% =
4 fruit à 80%
+
4660%
So the leaf area concerned = 4660% x 1 cm = 46,6 cm2
2) Leaves chili 2
80-100% =
41 fruit à
4100%
60-80% = 8 fruit à 640%
40-60% = 4 fruit à 240%
20-40% = 5 fruit à 200%
< 20% = 9 fruit à 180%
+
5360%
So the leaf area concerned = 5360% x 1 cm = 53,6 cm2
3) Leaves chili 3
80-100% =
50 fruit à 5000%
60-80% =
10 fruit à
800%
40-60% = 4 fruit à 240%
20-40% = 6 fruit à 240%
< 20% = 9 fruit à 180%
+
6460%
So the leaf area concerned = 6460% x 1 cm = 64,6 cm2
b.
1) Cassava leaves 1
80-100% =
26 fruit à
2600%
60-80% =
17 fruit à
1360%
40-60% =
18 fruit à
1080%
20-40% =
16 fruit à
640%
< 20% =
10 fruit à
200%
+
5880%
So the leaf area concerned = 5880% x 1 cm = 58,8 cm2
2) Cassava leaves 2
80-100% =
36 fruit à
3600%
60-80% = 7 fruit à 560%
40-60% =
13 fruit à
780%
20-40% =
12 fruit à
480%
< 20% = 8 fruit à 160%
+
5580%
So the leaf area concerned = 5580% x 1 cm = 55,8 cm2
3) Cassava leaves 3
80-100% =
47 fruit à
4700%
60-80% =
21 fruit à
1680%
40-60% =
16 fruit à
960%
20-40% = 2 fruit à 80%
< 20% = 8 fruit à 160%
+
7580%
So the leaf area concerned = 7580% x 1 cm = 75,8 cm2
c.
1) Longan leaves 1
80-100% =
16 fruit à 1600%
60-80% =
12 fruit à
960%
40-60% = 7 fruit à 420%
20-40% = - fruit à
-
< 20% = 4 fruit à 80%
+
3060%
So the leaf area concerned = 3060% x 1 cm = 30,6 cm2
2) Longan leaves 2
80-100% =
22 fruit à
2200%
60-80% = 3 fruit à 240%
40-60% = 5 fruit à 300%
20-40% = 6 fruit à 240%
< 20% = 6 fruit à 120%
+
3100%
So the leaf area concerned = 3100% x 1 cm = 31 cm2
3) Longan leaves 3
80-100% =
23 fruit à
2300%
60-80% = 5 fruit à 400%
40-60% = 7 fruit à 420%
20-40% = 5 fruit à 200%
< 20% = 4 fruit à 80%
+
3400%
So the leaf area concerned = 3400% x 1 cm = 34 cm2
G. Discussion
On the measurement of leaf area using millimeter paper can be applied quite effectively on the leaf leaf shape is relatively simple and regular. Although this method is quite simple, the time required to measure the relative leaf area long, so it is not quite practical applied if the number of samples a lot.
Comparison of the two types of measurements is very significant.
a) Leaf area kelenkeng 1 millimeter on paper = 30.6 cm2
Longan leaf area 1 weight ratio = 22.5 cm2
Difference in the results of 8.1 cm2
a) Leaf area kelenkeng 1 millimeter on paper = 30.6 cm2
Longan leaf area 1 weight ratio = 22.5 cm2
Difference in the results of 8.1 cm2
b) Broad leaf pepper 1 millimeter on paper = 46.6 cm2
1 red pepper leaf area in comparison weight = 30 cm2
Discrepancies result that is 16.6 cm2
c) Broad leaf yam 1 millimeter on paper = 58.8 cm2
1 large yam leaves in comparison weight = 42.5 cm2
Discrepancies result that is 16.3 cm2
1 red pepper leaf area in comparison weight = 30 cm2
Discrepancies result that is 16.6 cm2
c) Broad leaf yam 1 millimeter on paper = 58.8 cm2
1 large yam leaves in comparison weight = 42.5 cm2
Discrepancies result that is 16.3 cm2
From these results the method with larger millimeter paper the results of the use of heavy perbandinan. Basically, the leaves drawn on graph paper that can be easily done primarily to lay the leaf on graph paper and leaf pattern followed. Leaf area was estimated based on the number of boxes contained in a leaf pattern.
H. Conclusion
From observational data above please note that the paper method millimeters greater results than using weight ratio and the watermelon is meiliki concentration or high blood sugar is the second watermelon at the top of 16.3 Brix. Caused by the difference in the form of micro-structure and characteristics of the concentration of the cell wall.
I.
Bibliography
Anonymous. Practical Handbook 2013 Fundamentals of Crop Cultivation Technology. Faculty of Agriculture UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta.
