Vegetative propagation of plants

A.       Practical implementation

  Practicum held on :

  Day: Wednesday 
   Date: October 2, 2013 
   Place: Garden Practice Wedomartani

B.       Purpose

            Knowing the ways of vegetative propagation of plants.

C.       Basic Theory

Vegetative propagation done using plant parts such as branches, buds, leaves, tubers, and roots. The principle is stimulating adventitious shoots in these parts in order to develop into perfect plants that have roots, stems, and leaves at the same time. Vegetative propagation can be done by grafting, rundukan, cuttings and tissue culture. 
                  The advantages of this multiplication is to produce plants that have properties similar to the parent tree. In addition, plants from vegetative propagation faster flowering and fruiting. Meanwhile, the weakness is in need of parent trees in large numbers so costly. Another drawback, can not produce seeds in bulk if propagation is used graft or rundukan. But not all plants can be propagated by cuttings and the success rate is very small. 
                  There are few breeding techniques that are widely applied to produce seedlings. The application of these techniques depends on the purpose of planting and each kemempuan jenisuntuk perpetually propagated vegetatively (Hartmann et al., 1990). 
Several methods for vegetative growth, ie grafting, cuttings, grafting, and grafting. 
1 graft 
Grafting is a technique that is performed to obtain seedlings as plant material, seed orchard clones, garden cross karenadengan this technique is mature so much faster flowering and fruiting. Transplanting is done by slashing and peeling skin around the stem, wide incision depends on the type of grafted plants. Incision made ​​in such a way so as the cambium layer can be removed (by way of pearled). The medium used consisted of soil and compost and then covered with coconut fiber or plastic. When the rod above sayatantelah produce a good root system, the stem can be cut and moved directly to cultivate. 
Excellence graft is easy to do, and the success rate is high. In addition, the plant produced 100% can inherit properties of their parent but tanman transplant outcomes also has drawbacks, namely ramifications not lrbat and not compact, and limited his productivity. 
              2 cuttings 
                The success with cuttings characterized by the occurrence of root and shoot regeneration in material cuttings to produce new plants are true to name or true to the roots and shoots type.Regenerasi affected by the internal factors of the plant itself and the external is of linglkungan around. One of the internal factors that affect the regeneration of roots and shoots are phytohormones that serves as a growth regulator. The most penitng internal factors affecting regeneration in roots and shoots of the cuttings are genetic factors. Different plant species have different regeneration. To support the successful propagation of plants by cuttings car, the source plant is supposed to have superior properties and is not affected by haman and disease. In addition, manipulation of the environmental conditions and physiological status of plant sources are also important so that the high success rate of cuttings. 
            4 Grafting 
Grafting is the art of living plant tissue grafting 2 such that both of them so that they combine and grow and develop as one composite plant. Any technique ynag meet these criteria can be classified as a grafting method. 
             The connection is made ​​by connecting the scion shoots or buds form part of the tree canopy on the plant stem pius bawahyang been provided. This way a lot done on cassava and fruits. The early seeds planted. Having grown and connected with twigs / branches of a tree whose fruit good kind. Slope of less than approximately 45o pieces. The diameter of the rod should match the diameter of the rootstock. Both were tied with a strong connection. Sought to avoid infection. The resulting fruit will sam with native tree fruit produced (Anonymous, 2013).

D. Materials and Equipment

1. Materials leaf or stem cuttings

2. Parent plant to transplant croton

3. Polybag

4. Mos and Soga

5. Planting medium (soil and manure)

6. Sterile knife

7. Plastic

E. How it Works

1. Cuttings

a. Materials cuttings of leaf / stem plants

b.Surface of the leaf / stem bottom dipotrong menyerong, apply with and without rizoton rizton

c.    Plant in soil mixed media and manure

d.   Flush every day, not to muddy

2.          2. Ways graft

a.    Selecting the parent tree, specify either branch growth

b.    Make circular keratin rods (branches) three pieces of keratin with the distance between the keratin 5 cm using a sterile knife.

c.    Peeling bark that is between the two cutouts, wipe it clean with a way cambium mengeroknya with knife

d.   Taking a soil medium that has dibahasi and Wraps at the branch that has been peeled

e.    Branches that have been wrapped immediately wrapped in plastic and then tied

f.     Flush the graft media every day, do not let dry

3.    Grafting Method

a.    Preparing rootstock and scions of plants

b.    Rootstock cut and shaped oblique v

c.    Cut the stems on a slant and the inverted V-shaped

d.   Connecting pieces of rootstock stem above the corresponding shape of the piece

e.    Binding using plastic straps

f.     Covering plants with plastic to prevent rain

g.    Put in the shade

F. Practical results

1.       Graft

No.	Media graft	Number of roots	The roots of longest
1.	Mos	52 roots	5,7 cm
2.	Soga	15 roots	not grown

2.         cuttings

	Stek A (Rizoton)			Cuttings B (Rizoton)
	1	2	3	1	2	3
number of roots	24 roots	Dead	Dead	22 roots	27 roots	18 roots
The roots of longest	8,3 cm	Dead	Dead	7 cm	9,9 cm	9,6 cm
shoots	life	Dead	Dead	life	life	life

3.Grafting

           Death, caused by the way the connection is not done properly and irregular maintenance.

G. Discussion

  In grafts with mos media have as many as 52 and the number of roots of longest root along the 5.7 cm, whereas the graft with a medium number of root Soga produce as much as 15 longest roots and the roots have not grown. 
In the media cuttings with regular fertilizer and manure PGR cuttings of data obtained using C1 PGR produce fertilizer to the roots of longest root 24 8.3 cm and the presence of shoots. While the use of cuttings and Fertilizer Fertilizer C2 C3 PGR PGR dead. Then the cuttings were using fertilizer CI produces 22 root root with the longest 7 cm and the presence of shoots. CII fertilizer produced 27 roots with the longest roots and shoots of 9.9 cm. And lastly, cuttings with pupk C III had 18 root root with the longest 9.6 cm and the presence of shoots. 
  In grafting with soil media obtained data indicating that the grafting process is going well so the results are also good. Caused by regular watering and care of properly

H.      H.  Conclusion

From the data above observations it can be concluded that the graft by using the media better than Soga mos. This is evidenced by the above observations that the graft by using mos produce more roots the number of roots and root root 52 longest 5.7 cm. While media Soga graft using only generate 15 longest roots and the roots do not grow. 
       In observation of cuttings can be concluded that the Fertilizer PGR produce more for a total of 24 root root with the longest roots and shoots of 8.3 cm. While Fertilizers C resulted in 22 roots with the longest roots and shoots to 7 cm. 
       As for grafting, the plants because plants connect with both the same plant. And also by factors outside the regular watering and good care.

I. Bibliography

Anonymous. 2013, Practical Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals Cultivation 
                Plants. Faculty of Agriculture UPN Veteran Yogyakarta.

               Yogyakarta.